Therefore, lidocaine is suitable for infiltration, block, and surface anaesthesia.
The efficacy profile of lidocaine as a local anaesthetic is characterized by a rapid onset of action and intermediate duration of efficacy.
2.4 Postarthroscopic glenohumeral chondrolysis. In 2018, it was the 233rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Lidocaine was discovered in 1946 and went on sale in 1948. In this way it is used in termination of pregnancy by direct injection into the heart of the foetus. When injected near nerves, the nerves cannot conduct signals to or from the brain. This means it works by blocking sodium channels and thus decreasing the rate of contractions of the heart. Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic medication of the class Ib type. It is generally safe to use in those allergic to tetracaine or benzocaine. A lower dose may be required in those with liver problems. It appears to be generally safe for use in pregnancy. There are concerns that injecting it into a joint can cause problems with the cartilage. It can cause low blood pressure and an irregular heart rate. If injected intravenously, it may cause cerebral effects such as confusion, changes in vision, numbness, tingling, and vomiting. It is often used mixed with a small amount of adrenaline (epinephrine) to prolong its local effects and to decrease bleeding. Lidocaine mixtures may also be applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes to numb the area. When used for local anaesthesia or in nerve blocks, lidocaine typically begins working within several minutes and lasts for half an hour to three hours. It is also used to treat ventricular tachycardia. Lidocaine, also known as lignocaine and sold under the brand name Xylocaine among others, is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type.
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